Understanding South Sudan's Complex History and Conflict

In 2011, South Sudan became the newest nation after splitting from Sudan, ending Africa's longest war. Salva Kiir and Riek Machar led the country, but tensions led to a civil war in 2013. The conflict, marked by tribal violence and humanitarian crises, is complex due to the involvement of 60 tribes with historical feuds. The Fertit and Dinka tribes' disputes over land exemplify these tensions, exacerbated by government actions and rebel movements.

What significant event occurred in South Sudan in 2011?

• The country gained independence.

• A new constitution was adopted.

• The capital was moved to Juba.

• A peace treaty was signed with Ethiopia.

Who were the key leaders in South Sudan after its independence?

• Jacob Zuma and Cyril Ramaphosa

• Salva Kiir and Riek Machar

• Omar al-Bashir and John Garang

• Yoweri Museveni and Paul Kagame

What accusation led to the civil war in South Sudan in 2013?

• Riek Machar was accused of planning a coup.

• Salva Kiir was accused of embezzlement.

• The UN was accused of interfering in politics.

• The Dinka tribe was accused of land grabbing.

What has been a major consequence of the civil war in South Sudan?

• An economic boom due to oil exports.

• A decrease in tribal conflicts.

• A significant increase in humanitarian aid.

• The fastest growing humanitarian crisis in the world.

How many tribes are there in South Sudan, contributing to the complexity of the conflict?

• 75

• 30

• 45

• 60

What was a major cause of tension between the Fertit and Dinka tribes?

• Religious differences

• Disputes over grazing land

• Political representation

• Control of oil resources

How did government actions exacerbate tribal tensions in South Sudan?

• By increasing taxes on tribal lands

• By changing regional boundaries

• By promoting one tribe over others

• By banning tribal gatherings