DNA Replication Concepts and Processes

The video tutorial explains DNA replication, highlighting its purpose, location, and timing. It details the five steps of replication: unwinding DNA with helicase, stabilizing strands with SSRBs, priming with DNA primase, synthesizing new strands with DNA polymerase III, and finalizing with DNA polymerase I and ligase. The process results in two identical DNA copies through semi-conservative replication, where each new DNA molecule consists of one parent and one daughter strand.

What is the primary purpose of DNA replication?

• To create a new type of DNA

• To produce identical copies of DNA for daughter cells

• To destroy old DNA strands

• To change the genetic information

Where does DNA replication occur in prokaryotic cells?

• In the nucleus

• In the cytoplasm

• In the mitochondria

• In the ribosomes

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

• G1 phase

• M phase

• G2 phase

• S phase

What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To unwind and separate DNA strands

• To synthesize new DNA strands

• To add RNA primers

What is the function of single-stranded binding proteins (SSRBs) during DNA replication?

• To unwind DNA strands

• To join DNA fragments

• To prevent re-annealing of DNA strands

• To synthesize RNA primers

Which enzyme is responsible for laying down RNA primers during DNA replication?

• DNA helicase

• DNA ligase

• DNA polymerase III

• DNA primase

In which direction does DNA polymerase III synthesize new DNA strands?

• 5' to 3' direction

• 3' to 5' direction

• Both directions simultaneously

• Random direction

What are Okazaki fragments?

• Short DNA fragments on the leading strand

• RNA primers

• Continuous DNA strands

• Short DNA fragments on the lagging strand

What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?

• To remove RNA primers and replace them with DNA

• To synthesize RNA primers

• To join Okazaki fragments

• To unwind DNA strands

What does 'semi-conservative replication' mean?

• Each new DNA molecule has two new strands

• Each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand

• DNA is not conserved at all

• DNA is completely conserved