This video tutorial explains the structure and function of chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA structures that fit into the cell nucleus. They usually occur in pairs, with humans having 23 pairs. Chromosomes carry genes, which are segments of DNA that code for proteins. Each chromosome has a centromere that divides it into two arms, playing a crucial role in cell division. During cell division, chromosomes duplicate and become visible as sister chromatids. The video also highlights the differences in chromosome numbers across species.

What is the primary role of proteins in the structure of chromosomes?

• To synthesize RNA

• To transport nutrients

• To provide structural support

• To replicate DNA

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

• 46 pairs

• 23 pairs

• 28 pairs

• 9 pairs

What are the shorter regions within DNA that carry genetic information called?

• Chromatids

• Genes

• Nucleotides

• Centromeres

What is the function of the centromere in a chromosome?

• To replicate the chromosome

• To synthesize proteins

• To transport the chromosome

• To divide the chromosome into two arms

Which arm of the chromosome is longer?

• Neither has arms

• Q arm

• Both are equal

• P arm

During which process are chromosomes most visible?

• Protein synthesis

• Cell division

• DNA replication

• RNA transcription

What are duplicated chromosomes called?

• Sister chromatids

• Centromeres

• Genes

• Nucleotides

What ensures that DNA is accurately copied and distributed during cell division?

• Nucleotides

• Proteins

• Chromosomes

• Genes

What is the main role of chromosomes in the cell?

• To replicate RNA

• To synthesize proteins

• To transport nutrients

• To hold the DNA inside the nucleus

Which of the following species has 28 pairs of chromosomes?

• Carrot plants

• Elephants

• Mice

• Humans