Crash Course Psychology How to Train a Brain

What field did Ivan Pavlov greatly influence?

• Biology
• Physics
• Sociology
• Psychology

What was Pavlov originally studying before he shifted to psychology?

• Animal behavior

• The human brain

• The digestive system

• Human emotions

Which of the following best defines associative learning as discovered by Pavlov?

• Learning through direct instruction

• Learning through association of stimuli

• Learning through observation of others

• Learning through verbal communication

In Pavlov's experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

• The bell sound

• The dog

• The food smell

• The dog’s drooling

What does the term "conditioned stimulus" refer to in Pavlov's findings?

• A stimulus that naturally elicits a response

• A neutral stimulus that eventually elicits a response

• A stimulus that is used to punish behavior

• A stimulus that distracts the subject

B.F. Skinner is most associated with which type of conditioning?

• Classical conditioning

• Observational learning

• Operant conditioning

• Cognitive conditioning

What is the purpose of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

• To decrease behavior

• To punish undesirable actions

• To increase the likelihood of behavior

• To create negative associations

What is a primary reinforcer?

• A reward that requires learning to appreciate

• A stimulus that fulfills a basic biological need

• A punishment that diminishes behavior

• A learned stimulus that signals a reward

What does the term "extinction" refer to in the context of reinforcement?

• The process of forgetting a learned behavior

• The gradual decrease of a behavior when reinforcement stops

• The sudden loss of all learned behaviors

• The immediate response to a stimulus

According to the video, which of the following is NOT a part of behaviorist theory?

• Focus on observable behavior

• Emphasis on internal thoughts

• Use of strict scientific methods

• Study of environmental influences