Watch: Unit 4 Overview

What does John Arthur mean when he says that gumbo came “from many places … and from one place”?

How were Europeans able to establish overseas empires all over the world from 1450 to 1750?

What is the Columbian Exchange and what were some positive and negative aspects of this exchange?

Why does John Arthur say that the Columbian Exchange was really more of an extraction than an exchange?

How can you analyze the history of gumbo using the themes of governance, cultural developments and interactions, social interactions and organization, and humans and the environment?

1. Innovations in navigation and technology like gunpowder weapons helped Europeans conquer parts of the Americas and establish overseas empires. How did Europeans obtain these technologies?