Understanding Rice Photosynthesis and C4 Engineering

The video discusses the global dependency on rice and the challenges of meeting increasing demand due to population growth. It explains the limitations of C3 photosynthesis, used by rice, and introduces C4 photosynthesis as a more efficient alternative. Researchers are exploring genetic modifications to convert rice to C4 photosynthesis, potentially increasing yield and efficiency. The video concludes with a mention of AI as a tool for future challenges and offers learning resources.

What is the primary challenge in meeting the global demand for rice?

• High cost of rice production

• Limited farming space and slow yield growth

• Decreasing global population

• Lack of water resources

What is the role of Rubisco in C3 photosynthesis?

• It helps in water absorption

• It initiates the process by using water, carbon dioxide, and energy

• It transports nutrients

• It protects the plant from heat

Why is C3 photosynthesis less efficient in warmer climates?

• The plant absorbs less sunlight

• The plant produces less chlorophyll

• The plant loses more water

• Rubisco processes oxygen instead of carbon dioxide

How does C4 photosynthesis differ from C3 in terms of initial acid formation?

• C4 forms a two-carbon acid using Rubisco

• C4 forms a four-carbon acid without Rubisco

• C4 uses Rubisco to form a three-carbon acid

• C4 does not form any acid

What is a major advantage of C4 photosynthesis over C3?

• It requires more sunlight

• It is more efficient in cooler temperatures

• It reduces the risk of Rubisco processing oxygen

• It uses more water

What is the main goal of engineering rice to use C4 photosynthesis?

• To reduce the need for sunlight

• To change the color of rice

• To make rice more drought-tolerant and efficient

• To increase the plant's height

What genetic change might be necessary to convert rice to C4 photosynthesis?

• Changing the plant's root structure

• Increasing the number of leaves

• Expressing vein genes in leaves

• Reducing the plant's size

What potential increase in global rice yield could C4 rice provide?

• 80-90%

• 10-20%

• 30-50%

• 60-70%

By what year does rice production need to increase by 50% to meet global demand?

• 2025

• 2030

• 2040

• 2050

What role is AI expected to play in future agricultural challenges?

• Reducing the need for water

• Studying and solving complex problems

• Replacing human farmers

• Increasing the cost of production