Flint Water Crisis: Understanding the Science and Consequences

The Flint water crisis began in 2014 when the city switched its water supply to the Flint River, leading to widespread lead contamination and bacterial outbreaks. The lack of corrosion control and high chloride levels caused lead and iron to leach into the water, resulting in severe health risks, including Legionnaires' disease. Historical use of lead pipes and inadequate testing protocols exacerbated the situation. The crisis highlighted the importance of proper water treatment and regulatory oversight, leading to costly infrastructure repairs and a loss of public trust.

What was the primary reason for Flint, Michigan switching its water supply in 2014?

• To save money

• To improve water quality

• To reduce water usage

• To increase water pressure

Why were lead pipes historically favored by engineers in the U.S.?

• They were lighter than other materials

• They were cheaper than iron pipes

• They were resistant to corrosion

• They were easier to bend and more durable

What chemical was not added to Flint River water, leading to increased corrosion?

• Ferric chloride

• Sodium chloride

• Orthophosphate

• Chlorine

What was a major consequence of the chlorine reacting with metals in Flint's water system?

• Increased water pressure

• Formation of trihalomethanes

• Reduced bacterial growth

• Improved water taste

What was the primary cause of the Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Flint?

• Chlorine inactivation

• Presence of E. coli

• High levels of lead

• Excessive sodium chloride

What is a significant challenge in diagnosing Legionnaires' disease?

• It only affects children

• It requires a blood test

• It is often mistaken for pneumonia

• It mimics symptoms of common cold

What is the EPA's action level for lead in drinking water?

• 5 parts per billion

• 10 parts per billion

• 15 parts per billion

• 20 parts per billion

What was one of the long-term solutions implemented to address Flint's water crisis?

• Switching back to Flint River water

• Adding more chlorine

• Replacing all lead pipes

• Increasing water usage

How did the population decline in Flint affect the water system?

• It increased water pressure

• It caused water to move slowly or stagnate

• It improved water quality

• It reduced the need for water treatment

What was a major factor in the loss of trust among Flint residents regarding water safety?

• Government reports claiming water safety

• Inconsistent water pressure

• High water bills

• Frequent water outages