Understanding Equilibrium

The video tutorial explains the concept of equilibrium using a beaker of water as an example. It describes how water molecules evaporate and condense, reaching a dynamic equilibrium where the rates of vaporization and condensation are equal. The tutorial then applies this concept to a chemical reaction involving the decomposition of x2 gas into 2x atoms, showing how equilibrium is reached when the concentrations of reactants and products become constant. Graphs are used to illustrate these changes over time, and the macroscopic view of the reaction is discussed, highlighting the color change as equilibrium is achieved.

What happens to the water molecules in a beaker with a lid when equilibrium is reached?

• The water level rises.

• All water molecules condense.

• The number of liquid and gaseous water molecules remains constant.

• All water molecules evaporate.

In the hypothetical reaction, what are the products of the forward reaction?

• Oxygen

• Water

• 2X

• X2

What is the initial concentration of X2 in the reaction container?

• 0.2 molar

• 0.6 molar

• 0.5 molar

• 0.3 molar

At what time does the reaction reach equilibrium?

• 20 seconds

• 40 seconds

• 30 seconds

• 10 seconds

What does a constant concentration of reactants and products indicate?

• The reaction has stopped.

• The reaction is at equilibrium.

• The reaction is accelerating.

• The reaction is reversing.

How does the concentration of X change over time before equilibrium is reached?

• It fluctuates randomly.

• It increases.

• It remains constant.

• It decreases.

What does the graph of concentration versus time show at equilibrium?

• Concentrations fluctuate.

• Concentrations are decreasing.

• Concentrations are increasing.

• Concentrations remain constant.

What color change is observed in the reaction vessel as equilibrium is approached?

• It becomes darker brown-red.

• It becomes lighter brown-red.

• It turns blue.

• It turns green.

What do particulate diagrams illustrate about the reaction?

• The speed of the reaction.

• The color of the reactants.

• The temperature of the reaction.

• The constancy of particle numbers at equilibrium.

What remains constant at equilibrium despite ongoing reactions?

• The temperature.

• The pressure.

• The concentrations of reactants and products.

• The volume of the container.