The video explains glycolysis, where glucose is split into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. It discusses cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen and lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is absent. Lactic acid fermentation recycles NAD+ for glycolysis, with examples like yogurt and kimchi. The video also delves into the chemical reactions involved, highlighting the role of NADH and pyruvate.

What is the net gain of ATP molecules during glycolysis?

• 3 ATP

• 1 ATP

• 2 ATP

• 4 ATP

What happens to pyruvate during cellular respiration when oxygen is present?

• It is used to produce lactic acid

• It is stored as glycogen

• It is broken down in the Krebs cycle

• It is converted into ethanol

Which process is used by organisms that do not utilize oxygen?

• Glycogen synthesis

• Photosynthesis

• Lactic acid fermentation

• Aerobic respiration

Which bacteria is responsible for the fermentation process in yogurt?

• Escherichia coli

• Staphylococcus

• Bacillus subtilis

• Lactobacillus

What is the main purpose of lactic acid fermentation in organisms?

• To produce more ATP

• To recycle NAD+ for glycolysis

• To store energy as fat

• To produce carbon dioxide

What is the conjugate base of lactic acid?

• Lactate

• Pyruvate

• Formate

• Acetate

What role does NADH play in lactic acid fermentation?

• It is stored as energy

• It is converted into glucose

• It is oxidized to regenerate NAD+

• It acts as a substrate for ATP synthesis

What is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction in lactic acid fermentation?

• Hexokinase

• Lactic acid dehydrogenase

• Pyruvate kinase

• Phosphofructokinase

What happens to NAD+ during glycolysis?

• It is oxidized to NADH

• It is broken down into pyruvate

• It is reduced to NADH

• It is converted to ATP

What is the size range of Lactobacillus bacteria?

• 1-2 micrometers

• 5-10 micrometers

• 10-20 micrometers

• 20-30 micrometers