Understanding Antibiotic Effectiveness and Statistical Studies

Alma developed a new antibiotic and tested its effectiveness by applying it to a harmful bacteria culture. She sampled 300 bacteria, finding 94% dead, and calculated a margin of error suggesting the true death rate was above 90%. However, without a controlled experiment, she couldn't confirm the antibiotic caused the deaths. A proper study would require a control group to establish causality.

What percentage of bacteria did Alma find dead in her sample?

• 90%

• 94%

• 85%

• 80%

What is the main goal of Alma's study?

• To observe bacteria growth

• To find a new bacteria

• To estimate the percentage of dead bacteria

• To create a new petri dish

What did Alma conclude about the true percentage of dead bacteria?

• It is exactly 90%

• It is likely above 90%

• It is likely below 90%

• It is exactly 94%

What does the margin of error indicate in Alma's study?

• The exact number of dead bacteria

• The likelihood of the true percentage being above 90%

• The cost of the experiment

• The size of the petri dish

What type of statistical study did Alma conduct?

• Controlled experiment

• Observational study

• Sample study

• Case study

Why is Alma's study considered inappropriate for determining the antibiotic's effectiveness?

• It lacked a control group

• It was conducted outdoors

• It used too many samples

• It was too expensive

What is a key component missing in Alma's study to prove the antibiotic's effectiveness?

• A different type of bacteria

• More petri dishes

• A control group

• A larger sample size

What is necessary to establish causality in Alma's experiment?

• A controlled experiment

• A different antibiotic

• More samples

• A larger petri dish

What would a controlled experiment involve in Alma's case?

• Using different antibiotics

• Having a control and treatment group

• Changing the petri dish material

• Increasing the temperature

What could potentially cause the bacteria to die other than the antibiotic?

• The petri dish

• The air conditioner

• All of the above

• The lighting