Understanding DNA and Genetic Markers

DNA is a sequence of nucleotides (A, C, G, T) that determines identity and family history. It is organized into chromosomes, which are packages of DNA that define traits. DNA is copied and passed to offspring, with occasional mutations that contribute to genetic diversity. These mutations, or markers, help trace ancestry and create a family tree, showing how all humans are connected.

What are the building blocks of DNA that determine individual identity?

• Proteins

• Nucleotides

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human cells?

• 22

• 23

• 24

• 25

What is the role of chromosomes in determining traits?

• They digest food

• They produce proteins

• They package DNA

• They store energy

What is the primary reason children resemble their parents?

• Education

• Environmental factors

• Diet

• DNA copying

What are mutations in the context of DNA?

• Perfect copies

• Errors in DNA copying

• Dietary influences

• Environmental changes

How do mutations contribute to evolution?

• They prevent changes

• They cause diseases

• They create genetic diversity

• They eliminate species

What is the average number of mutations passed to children?

• 100

• 50

• 200

• 10

What are genetic markers?

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Mutations

• Proteins

How can genetic markers help us understand our ancestry?

• By determining our diet

• By changing our DNA

• By predicting future events

• By tracing family trees

What is the significance of having the same genetic markers as someone else?

• You live in the same area

• You share a common ancestor

• You have the same job

• You have the same diet