Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature and Stereochemistry

The video tutorial explains how to name a molecule with a two-carbon chain and single bonds, identifying it as 1-bromo-1-fluoroethane. It discusses the concept of chirality, highlighting that the molecule has a chiral carbon, leading to enantiomers. The tutorial introduces the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system to differentiate between these enantiomers, explaining the process of ranking groups by atomic number and determining the molecule's configuration as either rectus (R) or sinister (S).

What is the name of a molecule with a two-carbon chain and single bonds, having bromine and fluorine as substituents?

• 1-fluoro-1-bromoethane

• 1-bromo-1-fluoroethane

• 2-bromo-2-fluoroethane

• 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane

What is a chiral carbon?

• A carbon bonded to four identical groups

• A carbon bonded to two different groups

• A carbon bonded to three different groups

• A carbon bonded to four different groups

What are enantiomers?

• Molecules with the same structure but different functional groups

• Molecules with different molecular formulas

• Molecules with the same molecular formula but different connectivity

• Molecules that are mirror images of each other

What is the purpose of the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system?

• To differentiate between enantiomers

• To identify the longest carbon chain in a molecule

• To determine the molecular formula of a compound

• To name molecules based on their functional groups

In the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system, how are groups ranked?

• By their size

• By their atomic number

• By their mass

• By their electronegativity

What is the first step in applying the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system?

• Identify the functional groups

• Identify the chiral center

• Identify the substituents

• Identify the longest carbon chain

What does the 'R' in (R)-1-bromo-1-fluoroethane stand for?

• Rectus, meaning right-handed

• Rectus, meaning left-handed

• Sinister, meaning left-handed

• Sinister, meaning right-handed

What does the 'S' in (S)-1-bromo-1-fluoroethane indicate?

• Sinister, meaning left-handed

• Sinister, meaning right-handed

• Rectus, meaning left-handed

• Rectus, meaning right-handed

How do you determine the configuration of a chiral center using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system?

• By counting the number of carbon atoms

• By identifying the largest group

• By measuring the bond angles

• By rotating the molecule to place the smallest group in the back

What must be done to convert one enantiomer to another?

• Change the molecular formula

• Break and reattach bonds

• Add more substituents

• Remove a chiral center