Active Transport and Cellular Processes

The video explains active transport, a process cells use to move substances against the concentration gradient or when they are too large to pass through the membrane. This process requires energy. The video covers three types of active transport: pumps or channels, endocytosis, and exocytosis. It details how pumps like the sodium-potassium pump use ATP to move ions across the cell membrane. Endocytosis involves engulfing large objects into the cell, while exocytosis expels objects, such as neurotransmitters, out of the cell.

Why do cells need active transport?

• To move objects only within the cell

• To move objects without using energy

• To move objects against the concentration gradient

• To move objects from high to low concentration

What is a common example of a pump used in active transport?

• Calcium pump

• Sodium-potassium pump

• Magnesium pump

• Chloride pump

How many sodium ions are moved by the sodium-potassium pump for every two potassium ions?

• Four sodium ions

• Two sodium ions

• Three sodium ions

• One sodium ion

What energy source does the sodium-potassium pump use?

• NADH

• FADH2

• ATP

• Glucose

What process involves a cell engulfing larger objects to bring them inside?

• Endocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

During exocytosis, what is expelled from the cell?

• Water

• Ions

• Neurotransmitters

• Proteins

What structure encloses neurotransmitters during exocytosis?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Vesicle

• Ribosome

Which of the following processes requires energy?

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Facilitated diffusion

• Exocytosis