Understanding the Lewis Structure of HNO3

The video tutorial explains how to draw the Lewis structure of nitric acid (HNO3) by first drawing the nitrate ion and then adding a hydrogen ion. It covers the calculation of valence electrons, the concept of formal charge, and the formation of bonds. The tutorial also discusses the molecular geometry and hybridization of the central nitrogen atom, highlighting the trigonal planar shape and bond angles. The video concludes with a summary of the key concepts and methods used in drawing the Lewis structure.

What is the first step in drawing the Lewis structure of nitric acid?

• Determine the molecular geometry

• Add hydrogen to nitrate

• Calculate the formal charge

• Draw the Lewis structure of nitrate

How many valence electrons are there in the nitrate ion?

• 20

• 32

• 24

• 18

Why does the central nitrogen atom in nitrate not have any lone pairs?

• It forms four bonds

• It has an expanded octet

• It has a positive formal charge

• It is a first-row element

What is the formal charge on nitrogen in the nitrate ion?

• +2

• -1

• +1

• 0

How many lone pairs does an oxygen atom with two bonds have?

• None

• Three

• Two

• One

Which part of the nitrate ion interacts with the hydrogen ion to form nitric acid?

• Oxygen with a negative charge

• Oxygen with a positive charge

• Central nitrogen atom

• Nitrogen atom

What is the overall charge of the nitric acid molecule?

• Depends on the pH

• Neutral

• Positive

• Negative

What is the molecular geometry around the central nitrogen atom in nitric acid?

• Bent

• Trigonal planar

• Linear

• Tetrahedral

What is the hybridization of the central nitrogen atom in nitric acid?

• sp3

• sp

• sp2

• sp3d

What is the bond angle around the oxygen atom bonded to hydrogen in nitric acid?

• 120 degrees

• 104.5 degrees

• 90 degrees

• 180 degrees