Cranial Nerves and Autonomics

The video tutorial explains the autonomic innervation of the head, focusing on both parasympathetic and sympathetic components. Parasympathetic innervation involves cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10, which control functions like pupil constriction, salivation, and heart rate. Sympathetic innervation originates from the T1 level of the spinal cord and affects the head, particularly the eyes, causing pupil dilation. The tutorial also discusses Horner syndrome, a condition resulting from disrupted sympathetic innervation, characterized by ptosis, anhidrosis, and miosis.

What are the two main components of autonomic innervation in the head?

• Somatic and autonomic

• Parasympathetic and sympathetic

• Motor and sensory

• Central and peripheral

Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupil constriction?

• Cranial nerve 3

• Cranial nerve 10

• Cranial nerve 9

• Cranial nerve 7

What is the role of cranial nerve 7 in the parasympathetic system?

• Dilating pupils

• Producing saliva

• Regulating heart rate

• Controlling peristalsis

From which spinal cord level do all sympathetics to the head originate?

• T1

• L2

• C1

• S2

What is the function of the superior tarsal muscle?

• Regulating heart rate

• Producing tears

• Keeping the eyelid up

• Constricting the pupil

Which symptom is NOT associated with Horner syndrome?

• Hyperhidrosis

• Miosis

• Anhidrosis

• Ptosis

What causes the symptoms of Horner syndrome?

• Lack of sympathetic innervation

• Excessive parasympathetic activity

• Overactive sweat glands

• Increased cranial nerve function