The video explores how gut cells with neuron-like protrusions may communicate with the brain via the vagus nerve. An experiment using a fluorescent rabies virus demonstrated a direct connection from the gut to the brainstem. Enteroendocrine cells, when grown with vagal neurons, form connections and release glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in sensory perception, which neurons detect rapidly.

What is the primary function of the protrusions found in gut cells?

• To protect against pathogens

• To send signals to the brain

• To aid in digestion

• To absorb nutrients

What was the purpose of injecting a fluorescent rabies virus into the colons of mice?

• To study the effects of rabies on the gut

• To test a new vaccine

• To observe the immune response

• To trace the neural pathway to the brain

What did the fluorescent virus label before reaching the brainstem?

• The digestive tract

• The vagus nerve

• The bloodstream

• The spinal cord

What neurotransmitter do enteroendocrine cells release when interacting with vagal neurons?

• Glutamate

• Serotonin

• Acetylcholine

• Dopamine

How quickly do neurons detect the neurotransmitter released by enteroendocrine cells?

• Within 10 milliseconds

• Within 50 milliseconds

• Within 100 milliseconds

• Within 200 milliseconds