Newly discovered neuron circuit shows gut is directly connected to the brain

The video explores how gut cells with neuron-like protrusions may communicate with the brain via the vagus nerve. An experiment using a fluorescent rabies virus demonstrated a direct connection from the gut to the brainstem. Enteroendocrine cells, when grown with vagal neurons, form connections and release glutamate, a neurotransmitter involved in sensory perception, which neurons detect rapidly.

What neurotransmitter do the gut cells release, and what senses is it involved in conveying?

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How quickly do neurons pick up on signals related to taste or smell?

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