Tom Holland on the Birth of Islam: What is Islam

The video explores the dual nature of Islam as both peaceful and militaristic, contributing to its success as a civilization. It discusses the historical and contemporary tensions between Islam and Western liberal democracy, highlighting the lack of interest from Muslim scholars in the West and the shock of Western military and cultural dominance. The narrative covers the impact of Westernization on Islamic identity and law, leading to a rise in Jihadi Salafism, which seeks to purify Islam by returning to its origins. The video concludes with the notion that these movements aim to benefit humanity by aligning with divine approval.

What dual aspects of Islam contribute to its success as a civilization?

• Tradition and innovation

• Peace and militarism

• Wealth and poverty

• Education and ignorance

How did Muslim scholars historically view the Christian West?

• With indifference and disregard

• As a source of inspiration

• As a model for governance

• With admiration and respect

What event marked a significant shock to the Muslim world in the 18th century?

• The signing of the Treaty of Westphalia

• Napoleon's conquest of Cairo

• The defeat of the Ottomans at Vienna

• The fall of Constantinople

What was one of the changes imposed on the Ottoman Empire under Western influence?

• Expansion of the empire

• Introduction of new religious practices

• Abolition of discriminatory taxation

• Adoption of Eastern philosophies

What is a key motivation for modern radical Islamic movements?

• Desire for technological advancement

• Adoption of Western culture

• Return to the origins of Islam

• Expansion of trade routes

How do some Muslims view the influence of Western notions of human rights on Islam?

• As a source of corruption

• As a form of enrichment

• As a minor influence

• As a necessary evolution

What do jihadi Salafists believe about their actions?

• They are to establish new traditions

• They are to gain political power

• They are for personal gain

• They are for the good of all humanity