Ribosome Elongation by Tu/Ts and EF-G

The video tutorial explains the process of elongation in ribosomes, focusing on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. It details the role of G proteins like EF-Tu and EF-G in facilitating tRNA binding and ribosome translocation. The formation of peptide bonds is catalyzed by ribosomal RNA, specifically peptidyl transferase. The tutorial also covers the cycle of elongation, highlighting the movement of tRNA through the ribosome's sites and the continuous growth of the peptide chain.

What is the primary role of protein 2 in prokaryotic elongation?

• To bind to the ribosome and initiate translation

• To hydrolyze GTP and facilitate tRNA entry into the A site

• To form peptide bonds between amino acids

• To terminate protein synthesis

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds during elongation?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Peptidyl transferase

• Ligase

What happens to the tRNA in the P site after the peptide bond is formed?

• It moves to the E site

• It is ejected from the ribosome

• It remains in the P site with the peptide chain

• It moves to the A site

How does the EFG protein facilitate ribosome translocation in prokaryotes?

• By forming peptide bonds

• By hydrolyzing ATP

• By binding to the mRNA

• By acting as a wedge to move tRNAs

What is the result of EFG hydrolyzing GTP during translocation?

• A new tRNA enters the E site

• The peptide chain is terminated

• The tRNA in the A site moves to the P site

• The ribosome disassembles

What is the main function of the P site during elongation?

• To eject the tRNA

• To initiate translation

• To hold the growing peptide chain

• To bind the mRNA

What is the next topic to be discussed after elongation in the video series?

• mRNA transcription

• Termination of protein synthesis

• Initiation of protein synthesis

• Ribosome assembly