Peptidyl Transferase/Ribosome Physiology, Biochemistry, and Mechanism

The video tutorial covers the central dogma of molecular biology, focusing on the transcription of DNA to RNA and the translation of RNA to protein. It explains the roles of different types of RNA, including mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, and details the RNA processing steps. The tutorial highlights the catalytic role of ribosomal RNA in protein synthesis and provides an in-depth look at the peptidyl transferase mechanism within the ribosome.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

• DNA is converted directly into proteins.

• DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

• Proteins are transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into DNA.

• RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Which type of RNA is responsible for carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the cytosol?

• snRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• mRNA

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

• To transport amino acids to the ribosome

• To catalyze peptide bond formation

• To carry genetic information

• To stabilize mRNA

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the ribosome?

• It provides structural support.

• It degrades mRNA.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

• It transports amino acids.

Which component is absent from the active site of the ribosome?

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

What is the main function of peptidyl transferase?

• To transport mRNA

• To form peptide bonds between amino acids

• To synthesize RNA

• To degrade proteins

In the peptidyl transferase mechanism, what role does water play?

• It acts as a nucleophile.

• It stabilizes the tetrahedral intermediate.

• It degrades the peptide chain.

• It transports amino acids.

What is the function of EFF GTP in the ribosome?

• It causes translocation of the ribosome.

• It synthesizes DNA.

• It degrades mRNA.

• It initiates transcription.

What happens to the tRNA in the P site during ribosome translocation?

• It moves to the A site.

• It degrades the mRNA.

• It exits the ribosome.

• It remains in the P site.

How does the ribosome reset its cycle after translocation?

• By synthesizing new mRNA

• By releasing the polypeptide chain

• By degrading the existing tRNA

• By moving the tRNA from the A site to the P site