Leyes de KEPLER, campo GRAVITATORIO y TODO lo que NECESITAS para la PAU

The video tutorial explores the fundamental concepts of gravity, starting with an intuitive understanding and progressing through Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It then delves into Newton's law of universal gravitation, explaining how it describes the attraction between masses. The tutorial also covers gravitational fields and forces, highlighting the distinction between contact and distance forces. Finally, it discusses the conservation of energy in gravitational systems, including the concept of escape velocity and its implications for celestial bodies like black holes.

What historical figure is credited with using measurements to develop laws of planetary motion?

• Albert Einstein

• Isaac Newton

• Johannes Kepler

• Galileo Galilei

According to Kepler's first law, what shape do planets' orbits take?

• Circle

• Hyperbola

• Parabola

• Ellipse

Kepler's second law states that a line between a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. What does this imply about the planet's speed?

• The speed is slower when closer to the Sun.

• The speed is faster when closer to the Sun.

• The speed is constant throughout the orbit.

• The speed is unrelated to distance from the Sun.

What is the relationship between the period of a planet's orbit and its semi-major axis according to Kepler's third law?

• The cube of the period is proportional to the square of the semi-major axis.

• The period is inversely proportional to the semi-major axis.

• The square of the period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.

• The period is directly proportional to the semi-major axis.

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that the force between two masses is proportional to what?

• The product of the masses

• The square of the masses

• The difference of the masses

• The sum of the masses

What is the gravitational constant 'G' used for in Newton's law of gravitation?

• To calculate the energy of a system

• To convert mass and distance into force

• To determine the temperature of a star

• To measure the speed of light

What is a gravitational field?

• A region where an electrical force is felt

• A region where a gravitational force is felt

• A region where a magnetic force is felt

• A region where a nuclear force is felt

What happens to potential energy as an object moves further from Earth?

• It remains constant

• It decreases

• It becomes zero

• It increases

What is the escape velocity?

• The speed needed to orbit a planet

• The speed needed to escape a planet's gravitational pull

• The speed needed to reach the speed of light

• The speed needed to enter a black hole

What astronomical object is formed when the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light?

• A supernova

• A black hole

• A neutron star

• A white dwarf