Endochondral Ossification

The video explains endochondral ossification, a process of bone formation occurring in utero for bones beneath the skull, except the clavicle. It highlights the role of hyaline cartilage, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts in forming the bone collar and marrow cavity. The primary ossification center forms in the diaphysis, while the secondary ossification center develops post-birth in the epiphyses. The video also discusses the implications of articular cartilage degradation, leading to osteoarthritis.

What is the primary process responsible for forming bones beneath the skull, excluding the clavicle?

• Intramembranous ossification

• Endochondral ossification

• Periosteal ossification

• Cortical ossification

Which cells are responsible for synthesizing cartilage in the cartilage model of ossification?

• Osteoblasts

• Adipocytes

• Fibroblasts

• Chondrocytes

What is the role of mesenchymal cells in bone development?

• They form the bone collar

• They secrete alkaline phosphatase

• They differentiate into osteoblasts

• They degrade cartilage

What enzyme do enlarged chondrocytes produce that promotes calcification?

• Amylase

• Collagenase

• Alkaline phosphatase

• Lipase

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in the formation of the marrow cavity?

• To synthesize bone tissue

• To form the bone collar

• To secrete cartilage matrix

• To degrade hyaline cartilage and spongy bone

What is the primary ossification center responsible for?

• Degrading the articular cartilage

• Creating the marrow cavity

• Forming the bone collar

• Increasing the length of the bone

What is the role of the epiphyseal cartilage in bone growth?

• It forms the bone collar

• It increases the length of the bone

• It degrades the spongy bone

• It forms the articular cartilage

What condition results from the degradation of articular cartilage?

• Osteoporosis

• Osteoarthritis

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Gout

What type of bone tissue is found in the epiphysis?

• Cortical bone

• Spongy bone

• Woven bone

• Compact bone

Which process involves the cartilage model of ossification?

• Endochondral ossification

• Periosteal ossification

• Cortical ossification

• Intramembranous ossification