Muscles of the pharynx

This tutorial explores the anatomy of the pharynx, focusing on its muscles and surrounding structures. It covers the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the constrictor and longitudinal muscles, including the superior, middle, and inferior constrictors, as well as the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeus muscles. The tutorial also discusses the pharyngeal fascia, auditory tube, thyroid cartilage, and esophagus, providing a comprehensive understanding of the pharynx's role in swallowing and its anatomical relationships.

What are the three divisions of the pharynx?

• Laryngopharynx, esophagus, nasal cavity

• Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

• Nasopharynx, esophagus, larynx

• Oropharynx, larynx, esophagus

Which muscle is NOT a constrictor muscle of the pharynx?

• Stylopharyngeus

• Inferior constrictor

• Middle constrictor

• Superior constrictor

What is the primary function of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle?

• Elevates the pharynx

• Constricts the upper pharynx

• Constricts the lower pharynx

• Supports the larynx

Where does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle originate?

• Palatine aponeurosis

• Hyoid bone

• Thyroid cartilage

• Styloid process

Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

• Hypoglossal nerve

• Facial nerve

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

• Vagus nerve

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

• Supports the esophagus

• Moves the tongue

• Elevates the pharynx and larynx

• Constricts the pharynx

Which structure serves as an insertion point for the constrictor muscles?

• Pharyngeal raphe

• Auditory tube

• Thyroid cartilage

• Hyoid bone

What is the pharyngobasilar fascia also known as?

• Esophageal sheath

• Laryngeal ligament

• Thyroid membrane

• Pharyngeal aponeurosis

Where does the auditory tube extend from and to?

• Larynx to trachea

• Oral cavity to esophagus

• Middle ear to nasopharynx

• Nasal cavity to oropharynx

What is the esophagus lined with?

• Bone

• Muscle

• Mucosa

• Cartilage