Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis involves the creation of proteins from amino acids, coded by DNA. DNA's base order determines the protein by coding specific amino acid sequences. Codons, sets of three DNA bases, code for amino acids. Essential amino acids must be ingested, while non-essential ones are synthesized by the body. Protein synthesis occurs in two main stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA polymerase unwinds DNA in the nucleus, creating mRNA. This mRNA travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Here, tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, matching mRNA codons to form a polypeptide chain, which folds into a protein.

What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

• It transports amino acids to ribosomes.

• It codes for the sequence of amino acids.

• It breaks down proteins into amino acids.

• It directly forms proteins.

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during transcription?

• Helicase

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• DNA ligase

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

• It carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the structure of ribosomes.

• It provides the code for the order of amino acids.

• It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.

During translation, what role does tRNA play?

• It synthesizes mRNA.

• It unwinds the DNA strands.

• It carries specific amino acids to the ribosome.

• It forms the peptide bonds between amino acids.

What is the final product of the translation process?

• A ribosome

• A molecule of mRNA

• A strand of DNA

• A polypeptide chain