Anatomy & Physiology of the Esophagus

The video explains the process of swallowing, focusing on the esophagus and its sphincters. It details how the upper esophageal sphincter, under conscious control, and the lower esophageal sphincter, under involuntary control, regulate food passage. The video also covers peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that moves food independently of gravity. It highlights the importance of the epiglottis in preventing food from entering the respiratory tract and discusses the health risks of acid reflux.

What is the primary function of the larynx in relation to the respiratory tract?

• To produce saliva

• To aid in digestion

• To prevent food from entering the respiratory tract

• To open the esophagus

What role does the upper esophageal sphincter play in swallowing?

• It closes the trachea

• It opens to allow food into the esophagus

• It digests food

• It absorbs nutrients

How does the epiglottis function during swallowing?

• It contracts to push food down

• It secretes digestive enzymes

• It opens the esophagus

• It folds over the trachea to prevent food entry

What is peristalsis in the esophagus?

• A process dependent on gravity

• A method of nutrient absorption

• A voluntary muscle contraction

• A rhythmic contraction moving food to the stomach

Why is peristalsis not dependent on gravity?

• Because it relies on smooth muscle contractions

• Because it uses skeletal muscle

• Because it requires conscious effort

• Because it occurs only when standing

What is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

• To open the trachea

• To prevent backflow of stomach contents

• To control voluntary swallowing

• To digest food

What condition can occur if chyme moves back into the esophagus?

• Acid reflux

• Ulcer

• Heartburn

• Indigestion

What type of muscle is the lower esophageal sphincter composed of?

• Voluntary muscle

• Smooth muscle

• Cardiac muscle

• Skeletal muscle

What is the primary role of the esophagus?

• To produce saliva

• To act as a passageway for food

• To absorb nutrients

• To digest food

Why might someone choke while laughing and eating?

• The esophagus closes

• The epiglottis fails to cover the trachea

• The upper esophageal sphincter opens

• The stomach contracts