Folate and Tetrahydrofolate Metabolism

The video tutorial explains the role of tetrahydrofolate and its derivatives in biosynthetic reactions. It covers how humans obtain folate from the diet and convert it into tetrahydrofolate in the liver. The tutorial details the conversion of tetrahydrofolate into various derivatives, highlighting the importance of methylenetetrahydrofolate in DNA synthesis and methyltetrahydrofolate in the SAM cycle. The significance of folate intake, especially during pregnancy, is emphasized due to its role in preventing neural tube defects.

What is the primary role of tetrahydrofolate derivatives in biosynthetic reactions?

• Delivering two carbons at a time

• Delivering one carbon at a time

• Delivering oxygen atoms

• Delivering nitrogen atoms

How do humans obtain tetrahydrofolate?

• Through biosynthesis in the liver

• Through dietary intake as folate or folic acid

• Through exposure to sunlight

• Through inhalation

Which enzyme is responsible for converting folic acid to tetrahydrofolate?

• Serine hydroxymethyltransferase

• Cyclohydrolase

• Methionine synthase

• Dihydrofolate reductase

What is the role of N10-formyl tetrahydrofolate in nucleic acid biosynthesis?

• It donates a formyl group

• It donates a methyl group

• It donates a hydroxyl group

• It donates a phosphate group

Which enzyme converts N5,N10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate into N5-formimino tetrahydrofolate?

• Serine hydroxymethyltransferase

• N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

• Cyclohydrolase

• Methionine synthase

What is the significance of N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate in DNA synthesis?

• It is used to synthesize cytosine

• It is used to synthesize guanine

• It is used to synthesize thymine

• It is used to synthesize adenine

Which coenzyme is necessary for the generation of S-adenosylmethionine?

• N10-formyl tetrahydrofolate

• N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate

• N5-formimino tetrahydrofolate

• N5-methyltetrahydrofolate

Why is folate intake particularly important during pregnancy?

• To prevent anemia

• To prevent neural tube defects

• To enhance muscle growth

• To improve vision

Which vitamin is required alongside folate for methionine synthase activity?

• Vitamin E

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin D

• Vitamin C

What is a common effect of both folate and B12 deficiencies?

• Similar deficiency symptoms

• Increased energy levels

• Enhanced cognitive function

• Improved digestion