Parkinson's Disease [Part 2] | Detailed Mechanism with Basal Nuclei

The video explains how Parkinson's disease affects the basal nuclei, focusing on the direct and indirect pathways. It describes the normal function of these pathways and how dopamine modulates them. The direct pathway promotes movement, while the indirect pathway suppresses unwanted movement. Dopamine enhances movement by modulating both pathways. In Parkinson's, the degeneration of the substantia nigra reduces dopamine, leading to less movement and symptoms like bradykinesia.

What is the primary function of the thalamus in the direct pathway?

• To inhibit the globus pallidus internus

• To release dopamine

• To activate the cerebral cortex

• To relay information to the motor cortex

How does dopamine influence the direct pathway?

• It increases inhibition of the globus pallidus internus

• It enhances movement by reducing inhibition on the thalamus

• It suppresses unwanted movements

• It decreases the activity of the thalamus

What is the main role of the indirect pathway?

• To promote muscle contraction

• To suppress unwanted movements

• To release dopamine

• To activate the thalamus

In the indirect pathway, what is the effect of inhibiting the globus pallidus externus?

• Activation of the thalamus

• Inhibition of the globus pallidus internus

• Activation of the subthalamic nucleus

• Inhibition of the subthalamic nucleus

How does dopamine modulate the indirect pathway?

• By increasing the activity of the subthalamic nucleus

• By slightly increasing movement

• By decreasing the activity of the globus pallidus externus

• By completely suppressing movement

What happens to the striatum in Parkinson's disease due to the loss of dopamine?

• It becomes less active

• It produces excessive inhibition on the globus pallidus externus

• It enhances movement

• It releases more dopamine

In Parkinson's disease, what is the result of increased activity in the globus pallidus internus?

• Increased dopamine release

• Reduced movement

• Increased muscle contraction

• Enhanced thalamic activity

What is the primary symptom of Parkinson's disease related to movement?

• Hyperkinesis

• Bradykinesia

• Increased muscle power

• Enhanced coordination

How does the loss of dopamine affect the direct pathway in Parkinson's disease?

• It increases inhibition on the thalamus

• It enhances movement

• It decreases activity of the globus pallidus internus

• It increases dopamine release

What is the effect of Parkinson's disease on the thalamus?

• Increased activation

• Decreased inhibition

• Reduced activity

• Enhanced movement