Empress Matilda part 14: Demeanor Unbecoming a Female

The transcript discusses Matilda's struggle for power in England, highlighting the criticism she faced for her authoritative demeanor, which was deemed unfeminine. Chroniclers like Henry of Huntingdon criticized her, while others like William of Malmesbury defended her. Matilda's leadership style, akin to male rulers, was met with resistance due to gender biases. Her challenges included opposition from London's traders and Bishop Henry. Despite her efforts, societal expectations of women hindered her acceptance as a ruler.

How did William of Malmesbury view Matilda's actions?

• He supported Stephen's version of events.

• He criticized her for being arrogant.

• He remained neutral and did not comment.

• He showed admiration for her actions.

What was Matilda's approach to ruling England?

• She preferred to rule alongside her husband.

• She wanted to be a gentle and modest ruler.

• She sought to rule as a female king.

• She aimed to be a traditional queen.

How did Matilda's behavior differ from societal expectations?

• She was more submissive than expected.

• She was more authoritative than expected.

• She was more diplomatic than expected.

• She was more modest than expected.

What was the reaction of London's citizens to Matilda's request for funds?

• They expressed unconcealed hatred.

• They ignored her request.

• They willingly contributed large sums.

• They supported her financially.

Why did Bishop Henry plot against Matilda?

• She supported his political rivals.

• She ignored his advice on financial matters.

• She agreed to his demands.

• She refused to pass Stephen's estate to his son.

What was a major challenge Matilda faced due to her gender?

• Inability to marry a powerful ally.

• Lack of financial resources.

• Lack of support from her family.

• Inability to command an army.

Who rallied the citizens of England against Matilda?

• William of Malmesbury.

• Bishop Henry.

• Matilda of Beloit.

• Stephen himself.