Oxidation States Unveiled Diving into the Carbon Family's Diversity

The video discusses Group 4 elements, highlighting their 4 valence electrons and ability to exhibit +2 and +4 oxidation states. Carbon and silicon typically show a +4 state, while heavier elements like germanium, tin, and lead can form M2 ions by losing electrons in B orbitals. The inner pair effect is introduced, explaining the reluctance of heavier elements to lose NS-2 electrons. The stability of M2 ions decreases from germanium to lead, with lead's 2+ ion being the most stable. M4 ions are formed by losing 4 electrons, but their stability also decreases from germanium to lead.

What is the common number of valence electrons found in Group 4 elements?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Which oxidation states are typically shown by carbon and silicon?

• +4 only

• +2 and +4

• +2 and +3

• +3 and +4

What is the term used to describe the reluctance of heavier Group 4 elements to lose their valence electrons?

• Electron shielding

• Inner pair effect

• Outer pair effect

• Valence reluctance

Which ion is most stable among the dipositive ions of Group 4 elements?

• Ge2+

• C2+

• Sn2+

• Pb2+

How does the stability of M4 ions change from germanium to lead?

• Increases

• Decreases

• Remains constant

• Fluctuates