Fractional Distillation - Crude Oil Separation

The video explains how crude oil, a thick brown liquid found deep in the Earth's crust, is transformed into various useful products through fractional distillation. This process involves heating crude oil to a vapor and separating it into different fractions based on boiling points in a fractionating column. Each fraction has unique properties and uses, such as petrol for fuel and bitumen for road surfacing. Fractional distillation is a crucial process for obtaining essential substances from crude oil.

What is the primary reason for the different boiling points of hydrocarbons in crude oil?

• The color of the hydrocarbons

• The number of carbon atoms in their molecules

• The presence of impurities

• The geographical location of the oil extraction

In fractional distillation, where do fractions with long carbon chains condense?

• At the bottom of the column

• In the middle of the column

• At the top of the column

• Outside the column

Which fraction is known for being easily ignited and used as a fuel?

• NAFA

• Petrol

• Kerosene

• Bitumen

What is a common use for bitumen obtained from fractional distillation?

• Road surfacing

• Making plastics

• Aircraft fuel

• Cooking oil

Which fraction is used to make chemicals like plastics?

• Petrol

• Bitumen

• NAFA

• Kerosene