Fractional Distillation

The video explains how fractional distillation separates crude oil into useful fractions. Crude oil, a mixture of hydrocarbons, is heated and vaporized. The vapor enters a fractionating column with a heat gradient, where different hydrocarbons condense at various levels based on their boiling points. Short-chain hydrocarbons with lower boiling points condense at the top, while long-chain hydrocarbons with higher boiling points condense at the bottom. The separated fractions have various uses, such as fuels and raw materials for chemicals and plastics.

What happens to the different fractions of hydrocarbons during the distillation process?

List some examples of useful fractions obtained from crude oil and their applications.