El flogisto y el oxígeno

The transcript discusses the transition from the phlogiston theory to modern chemistry, highlighting Antoine Lavoisier's role. Initially, the phlogiston theory was widely accepted, but Lavoisier's precise experiments, particularly with tin and mercury oxide, demonstrated that combustion involved oxygen, not phlogiston. This discovery led to the abandonment of the phlogiston theory and the establishment of the modern concept of chemical elements, earning Lavoisier the title of the father of modern chemistry.

What was the prevailing belief about matter during the time of Prestley's discovery?

• Matter was a form of energy.

• Matter was made of four elements: earth, water, air, and fire.

• Matter was composed of atoms.

• Matter contained a substance called Phlogiston.

How did Lavoisier's approach to experiments differ from others at the time?

• He focused on qualitative observations.

• He relied on ancient texts for guidance.

• He emphasized precision and meticulous measurements.

• He used the largest laboratory in the world.

What did Lavoisier observe when he heated tin?

• Tin turned into gold.

• Tin released phlogiston.

• Tin lost mass.

• Tin absorbed a gas.

What was the significance of Lavoisier's experiment with mercury oxide?

• It confirmed that mercury oxide is a compound of water.

• It showed that mercury oxide releases the same amount of gas it absorbs.

• It demonstrated that gases are not involved in reactions.

• It proved the existence of phlogiston.

What was the new element discovered by Lavoisier?

• Nitrogen

• Hydrogen

• Oxygen

• Carbon