VP #3: Chemical Bonds Ionic and Covalent

An unbonded element is usually neutral because

• It is always positively charged.
• It has more electrons than protons.
• An unbonded element is usually neutral because it has an equal number of protons and electrons.
• It has an unequal number of protons and neutrons.

The outermost shell of an atom is called

• nuclear shell
• core shell
• valence shell
• inner shell

Why do atoms usually prefer to bond with other atoms?

• To change color

• To become heavier

• To reach a stable energy state

• To become larger

What is the octet rule?

• Atoms need eight protons to be stable

• Atoms need eight electrons in their outer shell to be stable

• Atoms need eight neutrons to be stable

• Atoms need eight bonds to be stable

Why do non-metals pull away a metal's valence electron?

• Non-metals have lower ionization energy than metals.
• Metals have a stronger attraction for their own electrons than non-metals.
• Non-metals pull away a metal's valence electron due to their higher electronegativity.
• Non-metals can easily donate their own valence electrons to metals.

What is a cation?

• A cation is a neutral atom.
• A cation is a negatively charged ion.
• A cation is an electron.
• A cation is a positively charged ion.

What is an anion?

• An anion is a negatively charged ion.
• An anion is a type of molecule.
• An anion is a positively charged ion.
• An anion is a neutral ion.

In an ionic bond, what happens to the electrons?

• They are shared unequally

• They disappear

• They are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal

• They are shared equally

What is a characteristic of covalent bonds?

• They involve the sharing of electrons

• They form between metals

• They involve the transfer of electrons

• They create ions

What is a polar covalent bond?

• Electrons are not involved

• Electrons are shared unequally

• Electrons are transferred completely

• Electrons are shared equally