Signal Transmission and Gene Expression

Mr. Anderson explains signal transmission and gene expression, focusing on epinephrine's role in the fight or flight response. He describes how epinephrine triggers a signal transduction pathway, leading to glucose release and gene expression. The video covers the amplification of signals and the role of CREB in gene expression, illustrating the biological processes involved in response to adrenaline.

What is the primary chemical involved in the fight or flight response?

• Cortisol

• Epinephrine

• Serotonin

• Dopamine

How does epinephrine affect liver cells?

• It inhibits gene expression.

• It causes the liver to release glucose.

• It decreases glucose production.

• It reduces heart rate.

What is the role of a receptor protein in signal transduction?

• It picks up the message from epinephrine.

• It amplifies the signal.

• It stores glucose.

• It breaks down glycogen.

What is cAMP and how is it formed?

• A lipid that transports signals, formed from fatty acids.

• A molecule that activates enzymes, formed from ATP.

• A sugar that provides energy, formed from glycogen.

• A protein that stores energy, formed from glucose.

Why can't epinephrine directly enter the cell?

• It is broken down by enzymes outside the cell.

• It is too large to pass through the cell membrane.

• It is repelled by the cell's electrical charge.

• It cannot cross the lipid layer of the cell membrane.

What is the function of the transcription factor CREB?

• It inhibits glucose production.

• It activates RNA polymerase for protein synthesis.

• It breaks down glycogen into glucose.

• It transports epinephrine into the cell.

How does signal transduction lead to gene expression?

• By activating transcription factors that initiate protein synthesis.

• By directly altering DNA sequences.

• By decreasing the amount of cAMP in the cell.

• By increasing the number of receptor proteins.