TED-ED: How the world's first subway system was built - Christian Wolmar

In 1863, London opened the world's first subway, the Metropolitan Railway, to alleviate road congestion. Despite initial skepticism, it became a vital transport system. The cut-and-cover method was used for construction, facing challenges like accidents and flooding. As London grew, new tunneling technology allowed deeper lines, leading to the development of the 'tube'. This innovation influenced other cities worldwide, establishing subways as a solution to urban congestion.

What was the public's initial reaction to the idea of building a subway in London?

• They were skeptical and dismissive.

• They were fearful and opposed.

• They were enthusiastic and supportive.

• They were indifferent and uninterested.

What method was used to construct the first underground railway in London?

• Open-cut method

• Cut-and-cover

• Drilling and blasting

• Tunnel boring machine

How did the Metropolitan Railway influence the development of London?

• It spurred the growth of new suburbs and businesses.

• It resulted in the closure of department stores.

• It led to the decline of suburban areas.

• It caused a decrease in tourism.

What technological advancement allowed for deeper underground tunnels in London?

• The Greathead shield

• The steam engine

• The electric train

• The pneumatic drill

Which cities followed London's example by building their own subway systems by the early 20th century?

• Tokyo, Sydney, and Moscow

• Budapest, Berlin, Paris, and New York

• Toronto, Chicago, and Los Angeles

• Rome, Madrid, and Beijing