The video explores the discovery and analysis of ancient DNA, starting with a weevil trapped in amber. It discusses the challenges of DNA degradation and contamination, the concept of DNA half-life, and the importance of preservation conditions. Methodological errors in early DNA sampling are highlighted, along with advancements in modern techniques. The video concludes with the potential future of ancient DNA research.

What was the initial belief about the DNA extracted from the weevil trapped in amber?

• It was from a plant.

• It was from a modern weevil.

• It was from a dinosaur.

• It was the oldest DNA ever sampled.

What was the significance of the quagga in ancient DNA research?

• It was the first DNA found in amber.

• It was the first ancient DNA successfully replicated.

• It was the first dinosaur DNA sequenced.

• It was the first DNA extracted from a fossil.

What is the main factor that affects the half-life of DNA?

• The size of the organism.

• The quality of preservation.

• The age of the fossil.

• The type of organism.

What was a major issue with early DNA extraction methods?

• Lack of DNA samples.

• Contamination from modern DNA.

• Inability to replicate DNA.

• Lack of funding for research.

What precautions are necessary to prevent contamination in DNA labs?

• Using only one pair of gloves.

• Sealing labs from outside air and using UV light.

• Wearing regular clothes.

• Using a single lab for all samples.

What has ancient DNA from fossil humans revealed about human history?

• Humans originated from a single location.

• Humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans interbred.

• Humans never interbred with other species.

• Humans have no genetic relation to Neanderthals.

What did the 2013 study of a 700,000-year-old horse reveal?

• Horses are not related to zebras.

• Horse DNA cannot be preserved.

• Bone DNA is better preserved in permafrost.

• Horse DNA is identical to modern horses.

What is the current limitation in reading dinosaur DNA?

• Dinosaur DNA is too abundant to analyze.

• Lack of interest in dinosaur DNA.

• DNA is dissolved into unreadable pieces.

• Dinosaur DNA is too similar to modern DNA.

What did the 2016 study on diatom DNA suggest about DNA decay?

• DNA decay follows a strict half-life pattern.

• Older DNA decays more slowly than expected.

• DNA decay is faster in colder environments.

• Diatom DNA cannot be preserved.

What is a potential future development in ancient DNA research?

• Finding a way to read dissolved DNA pieces.

• Eliminating the need for DNA amplification.

• Preserving DNA in warmer climates.

• Decoding dinosaur DNA with current technology.