Fats and oils (Plant Oils)

The video tutorial explains the extraction and structure of plant oils. Plant oils are derived from various parts of plants and can be extracted using mechanical extraction, distillation, or steam distillation. Mechanical extraction, also known as cold pressing, is used for oils like olive and coconut oil. Distillation is used for oils that are harder to extract, while steam distillation is used for floral oils. The structure of plant oils includes a hydrophilic glycerol head and hydrophobic fatty acid tails, which can be saturated or unsaturated. Saturated oils are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated oils are liquid. The video also covers the hydrogenation process and how to test oils with bromine water.

Which method is used to extract olive oil from olives?

• Solvent extraction

• Steam distillation

• Mechanical extraction

• Chemical extraction

What is the main characteristic of the glycerol head in plant oils?

• It contains double bonds

• It is hydrophilic

• It is made of fatty acids

• It is hydrophobic

What type of bonds are present in saturated fatty acid tails?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Carbon-carbon double bonds

• Carbon-carbon single bonds

• Carbon-oxygen bonds

What process is used to harden unsaturated oils?

• Distillation

• Fermentation

• Emulsification

• Hydrogenation

How can you differentiate between saturated and unsaturated oils in the lab?

• By testing with bromine water

• By checking solubility in water

• By using litmus paper

• By measuring boiling point