Introduction to Hedgehog Signaling: Hedgehog Protein Synthesis and Release

The video tutorial explains the synthesis and release of hedgehog proteins, which are crucial in the Hedgehog signaling pathway involved in embryological development. It covers the synthesis of these proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, their modification with cholesterol and palmitic acid, and their export to the plasma membrane. The video also details four mechanisms by which hedgehog proteins are released from the cell, including interactions with other proteins and release as soluble multimers or within vesicles.

Which of the following is NOT a homologue of Hedgehog proteins in mammals?

• Indian Hedgehog

• Ocean Hedgehog

• Sonic Hedgehog

• Desert Hedgehog

Where does the synthesis of Hedgehog proteins primarily occur?

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• Nucleus

What is the role of the C-terminal portion of the Hedgehog precursor protein?

• Adds a palmitic acid

• Binds to SCUBE 2

• Adds a cholesterol moiety

• Cleaves the N-terminal portion

Which protein assists in the first mechanism of Hedgehog protein release?

• Nodum

• SCUBE 2

• Glypican

• Lipofuscin

How do Hedgehog proteins get released in the second mechanism?

• As soluble multimers

• Through dispatched protein

• Via exosome vesicles

• By binding to glypican

What role do heparin sulfate chains play in the third release mechanism?

• They add a cholesterol moiety

• They cleave the C-terminal portion

• They recruit lipofuscin apolipoproteins

• They bind to dispatched protein

In the fourth release mechanism, how are Hedgehog proteins released?

• Via exosome vesicles

• Through dispatched protein

• As soluble multimers

• By binding to glypican