Ionic and Covalent Bonding

The video tutorial explains chemical compounds, focusing on ionic and covalent bonds. It describes how ionic bonds form through electron transfer, using sodium chloride as an example, and how covalent bonds form through electron sharing, illustrated by the water molecule. The video also covers polar and nonpolar covalent bonds, their properties, and their biological significance in forming proteins and DNA.

What is a chemical compound composed of?

• A single element

• Two or more elements chemically bonded together

• A mixture of elements

• Unbonded atoms

How does an ionic bond form?

• By mixing elements physically

• By heating elements together

• By sharing electrons between atoms

• By transferring electrons from one atom to another

What happens to sodium and chlorine atoms when they form an ionic bond?

• Both sodium and chlorine gain electrons

• Sodium gains an electron and chlorine loses one

• Both sodium and chlorine share electrons

• Sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains one

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

• Ionic bond

• Covalent bond

• Metallic bond

• Hydrogen bond

In a water molecule, why does oxygen have a partial negative charge?

• Because it attracts electrons more than hydrogen

• Because it shares electrons equally

• Because it has more protons

• Because it loses electrons to hydrogen

What characterizes a nonpolar covalent bond?

• Transfer of electrons

• Equal sharing of electrons

• Formation of ions

• Unequal sharing of electrons

Why are covalent bonds biologically significant?

• They dissolve in water

• They are essential for forming proteins and DNA

• They create metallic structures

• They form ionic compounds