High Ankle Sprains | Anatomy, Presentation, Diagnosis, & Treatment Basics

The video tutorial covers the diagnosis and treatment of high ankle sprains, focusing on the anatomy of the ankle, particularly the ligaments connecting the tibia and fibula. It explains the common mechanisms of injury, symptoms, and diagnostic tests such as the external rotation and syndesmotic squeeze tests. Treatment options vary based on the severity of the sprain, ranging from conservative care to surgery. The video also discusses the recovery process and criteria for returning to sports.

What is the primary function of the ankle mortise?

• To provide cushioning for the ankle

• To support the arch of the foot

• To form a joint with the talus

• To connect the talus and calcaneus

Which ligaments are primarily affected in a high ankle sprain?

• Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

• Plantar and dorsal ligaments

• Anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments

• Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

What is the most common mechanism of injury for a high ankle sprain?

• Hyperextension of the knee

• Direct impact to the ankle

• Excessive external rotation at the ankle

• Inversion of the foot

What is the purpose of the external rotation test?

• To assess the stability of the talocrural joint

• To evaluate the integrity of the syndesmosis

• To measure the range of motion in the ankle

• To test the strength of the fibularis muscles

Which test has a higher specificity for diagnosing high ankle sprains?

• External rotation test

• Syndesmotic squeeze test

• Talar tilt test

• Anterior drawer test

What is the initial treatment protocol for a minor high ankle sprain?

• RICE protocol and gradual strengthening

• Surgery and immobilization

• Immediate return to activity

• Use of anti-inflammatory medication only

What indicates a major high ankle sprain that may require surgery?

• Significant separation of the tibia and fibula

• Quick recovery with conservative treatment

• Mild pain during weight-bearing

• Insignificant widening of the ankle mortise

Which muscles are emphasized in the strengthening phase of rehabilitation for a high ankle sprain?

• Fibularis longus and brevis

• Gastrocnemius and soleus

• Tibialis anterior and posterior

• Quadriceps and hamstrings

What is the purpose of the hopping test in the context of high ankle sprains?

• To assess the range of motion in the ankle

• To evaluate the ability to bear weight on the affected leg

• To test the flexibility of the ankle joint

• To determine the strength of the calf muscles

What must be verified on X-rays before returning to sports after a major sprain?

• Complete healing of the talus

• No obvious widening between the tibia and fibula

• Absence of any bone spurs

• No signs of arthritis