What is a quantum coin toss?

The video explores a problem in quantum cryptography: flipping a coin over the phone. It highlights the issues with classical coin flipping and introduces a quantum solution using wavefunction collapse and polarization. The video explains how photons can be used to ensure fairness in a coin flip between two untrusting parties. It demonstrates the concept of wavefunction collapse with polarizing filters and details a protocol for a quantum coin flip. The video concludes with a discussion on the impossibility of cheating in this system and provides links to further resources.

What role do filters play in the measurement of polarized light?

How does the random nature of quantum measurements ensure fairness in the coin flip?

What is the significance of the 50/50 chance in the context of the quantum coin flip?