Fasting State in Liver

The video explains liver metabolism, focusing on the fasted state. It covers the roles of glucagon, fat metabolism through beta oxidation, and amino acid oxidation. The process of gluconeogenesis and its regulation are detailed, along with the synthesis of ketone bodies. The video concludes with a recap of how the liver provides energy during fasting.

What are the two primary states of liver metabolism discussed in the video?

• Glycolytic and Oxidative states

• Fasted and Fed states

• Anabolic and Catabolic states

• Aerobic and Anaerobic states

Which hormone is primarily responsible for signaling the liver to perform gluconeogenesis during fasting?

• Insulin

• Glucagon

• Cortisol

• Adrenaline

What is the role of cyclic AMP in fat metabolism during the fasted state?

• It breaks down proteins

• It converts glucose to glycogen

• It activates protein kinase A

• It inhibits protein kinase A

What is the primary energy source for liver cells during fasting?

• Glycolysis

• Protein synthesis

• Beta oxidation

• Gluconeogenesis

Which type of amino acids are primarily oxidized during the fasted state?

• Aromatic amino acids

• Branched-chain amino acids

• Non-essential amino acids

• Essential amino acids

What is the fate of ammonia produced during amino acid oxidation?

• It is converted to glucose

• It is excreted as urea

• It is stored in the liver

• It is used in protein synthesis

Why doesn't acetyl CoA enter the TCA cycle during fasting?

• Inhibition by insulin

• Presence of high ATP levels

• Excess of glucose

• Lack of oxaloacetate

What are the three ketone bodies produced during fasting?

• Acetone, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate

• Glucose, fructose, galactose

• Acetyl CoA, citrate, oxaloacetate

• Lactate, pyruvate, alanine

What is the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in gluconeogenesis?

• Converts acetyl CoA to citrate

• Converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate

• Converts pyruvate to lactate

• Converts glucose to glycogen

How does glucagon affect pyruvate kinase during fasting?

• Activates it

• Inhibits it

• Converts it to glucose

• Degrades it