Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway: Overview, Enzymes and Regulation

The video tutorial explains fatty acid synthesis, detailing where it occurs, the necessary components, and the process itself. It covers the transport of acetyl CoA via citrate, the role of carboxy biotin, and the regulation of synthesis by various factors. The structure and function of the fatty acid synthase complex are discussed, along with the elongation of the fatty acid chain. The tutorial concludes with the completion of the synthesis process, resulting in the production of palmitate, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid.

What is the amphiphilic nature of fatty acids attributed to?

• Presence of a hydrocarbon chain

• Presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

• Presence of a carboxylic acid group

• Presence of double bonds

Which molecule is essential for fatty acid synthesis and is derived from the pentose phosphate pathway?

• ATP

• NADPH

• Acetyl CoA

• Citrate

Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur in the body?

• Mitochondria

• Cytosol

• Nucleus

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the role of citrate in fatty acid synthesis?

• It inhibits the synthesis process

• It is a byproduct of synthesis

• It transports acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytosol

• It acts as a direct substrate for synthesis

Which enzyme is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis?

• ATP citrate lyase

• Acetyl CoA carboxylase

• Malonyl CoA decarboxylase

• Fatty acid synthase

What is the function of malonyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

• It inhibits fatty acid synthesis

• It transports acetyl CoA

• It is a final product of synthesis

• It acts as a carbon donor

How many cycles are required to produce palmitate in fatty acid synthesis?

• 5

• 6

• 8

• 7

What is the final product of the fatty acid synthesis cycle?

• Linoleate

• Oleate

• Stearate

• Palmitate

How many NADPH molecules are used in each cycle of fatty acid synthesis?

• 4

• 3

• 2

• 1

What is the total number of ATP molecules used in the synthesis of one palmitate molecule?

• 8

• 7

• 6

• 5