How do we know when we have a vertical shift for a exponential function

The video tutorial explains the concept of horizontal and vertical shifts in functions. It emphasizes the opposite nature of horizontal shifts and introduces vertical shifts, explaining how adding or subtracting a constant outside the function affects its graph. Examples of quadratic and exponential functions are provided to illustrate vertical shifts up and down. The tutorial concludes with a summary of the key points about vertical shifts.

Explain the difference between adding and subtracting K in a quadratic function.

What happens to an exponential function when you subtract a number from it?