ECB Takes Control of Largest Financial Institutions

The ECB's new supervisory mechanism now oversees the Eurozone's largest banks, ensuring rigorous stress tests and assessments. Apple is launching its first euro-denominated bond to increase shareholder returns without incurring US repatriation taxes. Meanwhile, JP Morgan is under a US criminal investigation for its foreign exchange dealings, cooperating with both US and UK regulators.

Why is Apple seeking to fund returns for shareholders without using overseas cash?

What is the estimated amount of losses JP Morgan is facing from legal cases?