Topography and the Earth: the Mantle and the Core

The Earth's mantle, making up over 80% of its volume, extends to a depth of 2900 km. It is composed mainly of silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and iron. The mantle is divided into the upper and lower sections, with temperatures ranging from 870°C to 2200°C, causing rocks to become molten. Beneath the mantle lies the dense core, rich in iron and nickel, which may contribute to Earth's magnetic fields.

What are the main elements that scientists believe the mantle is predominantly made of?

Describe the temperature differences between the upper mantle and the lower mantle.

What happens to rock at the temperatures found in the lower mantle?

At what depth beneath the Earth's surface is the core located?

What elements are commonly found in the Earth's core?