The video tutorial discusses the concept of modularization in Java, focusing on the module descriptor file, which defines metadata about a module. It explains the use of 'requires' and 'transitive requires' to manage dependencies between modules. The tutorial also covers the 'exports' statement for controlling package access and how Java 9 modules can restrict reflection. Key advantages of modularization, such as compile-time checks, better encapsulation, and a smaller Java runtime, are highlighted.

What advantages does modularization provide in terms of compile-time checks?

Discuss how modularization can lead to a smaller Java runtime.