Proximal and Distal

Dr. Morton explains the anatomical terms 'proximal' and 'distal', which describe positions relative to the origin of a structure. In limbs, proximal means closer to the shoulder, while distal is farther. In hand bones, proximal and distal refer to the position of phalanges. In tubular organs like the nephron, proximal and distal describe the position of convoluted tubules relative to the glomerulus.

What are the names of the phalanges in relation to the proximal and distal terms?

In the context of tubular organs, how are the terms 'proximal' and 'distal' applied?