Genetics in Action: Law of Segregation

The video explains Mendel's experiment with pea plants, showing that green pea pods (symbolized by P) are dominant over yellow pea pods (symbolized by p). When a homozygous dominant green pea plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive yellow pea plant, all offspring are heterozygous and have green pea pods. The video also covers the law of segregation, where genes separate during the formation of sex cells, and the process of sexual reproduction, where male and female sex cells unite to form a fertilized egg, each contributing one gene for a specific trait.

What does it mean for an offspring to be heterozygous?

Describe the process of how a fertilized egg is formed in pea plants.