Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow 1812

Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 was a catastrophic failure. Expecting a quick victory, he entered Moscow only to find it abandoned and burning. As winter set in, his army faced severe hardships, including harsh weather, lack of supplies, and constant attacks. The retreat from Moscow was marked by significant losses, with many soldiers dying from cold, hunger, and battle. The crossing of the Berezina River was a desperate attempt to escape encirclement. Ultimately, the campaign resulted in massive casualties and a severe blow to Napoleon's reputation, leading to a coalition of enemies against him.

What was the estimated number of soldiers who survived the campaign?

What were the consequences of Napoleon's invasion of Russia?

How did the Russian campaign affect Napoleon's reputation?

What did Napoleon admit to his ministers regarding his campaign?